RAIL EL SALVADOR DIRECT PORTUGAL INDIRECT VANUATU AGENT · REFORMING EASTERN CARIBBEAN — 5 CBI PROGRAMS · AGENT-CONVERTED TURKEY NAURU MALTA · CLOSED EGYPT · NO PATH HOW CRYPTO REACHES EACH PROGRAM TODAY
Gold = accepted natively, no fiat conversion. Grey = routed through a licensed agent or fund that converts to fiat before a government ever sees it. Ash/dashed = no route exists, or none exists anymore. Only one program — El Salvador — is gold.
Central America · Direct

El Salvador — Freedom Passport

The only CBI program in the world where the qualifying contribution must be paid in Bitcoin or USDT — no fiat conversion step at all.

US$1,000,000 donation + fees · 6–8 weeks Read the full page →
Pacific · Agent

Vanuatu — DSP / CIIP

Suspended for a regulatory overhaul in 2025–2026 and stripped of EU Schengen visa-free access — reopened under materially stricter due diligence.

From ~US$130,000 · 60–90+ days (post-reform) Read the full page →
Caribbean · Agent

Antigua & Barbuda — CIP

Minimum contribution more than doubled in August 2024, from $100,000 to $230,000, as Caribbean programs harmonized around a higher regional floor.

From US$230,000 · ~6 months Read the full page →
Caribbean · Agent

Dominica — CBI

Mandatory applicant interviews and a new financial intelligence unit have tightened due diligence considerably since 2024.

From US$200,000 · 3–6 months Read the full page →
Caribbean · Agent

Saint Lucia — CBI

Its most recent annual report showed record program revenue even as the UK imposed a new visa requirement on Saint Lucian passport holders in March 2026.

From US$240,000 · ~90 days Read the full page →
Caribbean · Agent

St Kitts & Nevis — CBI

The Caribbean's original CBI program (est. 1984), now requiring biometric capture and operating under a new regional due-diligence authority.

From US$250,000 · 3–6 months Read the full page →
Caribbean · Agent

Grenada — CBI

The only Caribbean CBI passport with a path to the US E-2 Investor Visa — after a 3-year domicile requirement.

From US$235,000 · 3–6 months Read the full page →
Europe · Indirect

Portugal — Golden Visa

Direct crypto contributions are not accepted at all — only regulated Portuguese funds with partial digital-asset exposure qualify.

€500,000 fund subscription · Years (path to citizenship in 5) Read the full page →
Europe · Closed

Malta — MEIN (closed)

The EU's top court ruled against investment-based citizenship in April 2025; Malta abolished its program days later and replaced it with an unpriced "citizenship by merit" route.

N/A — investment-based route ended · N/A Read the full page →
Europe/Asia · Agent

Turkey — Citizenship by Real Estate

One of the largest CBI programs by volume, and explicit about digital assets: crypto must be converted to fiat through a licensed exchange first — a direct crypto payment to a developer is legally void for citizenship purposes.

From US$400,000 (real estate) · ~4–8 months Read the full page →
Pacific · Agent

Nauru — Economic & Climate Resilience Citizenship

Relaunched in late 2024 to fund climate-adaptation projects — currently the lowest headline price in our directory, and unusually explicit about accepting documented crypto wealth.

From US$90,000 (promotional, through Dec 2026) · ~3 months Read the full page →
North Africa · None

Egypt — Citizenship by Investment

The most restrictive program in our directory: Egyptian banks are barred from facilitating any crypto-related transaction, so there is no route — direct, agent, or indirect — for crypto-originated funds today.

From US$250,000 · 6–12 months Read the full page →